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What Is a Colonoscopy?:

A test to examine the inside of the large bowel using a camera on a flexible tube.

Why is it needed?

To investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding and detect polyps, inflammation, or cancer.

What Happens During the Procedure?

• Basic vital signs will be taken, and an intravenous cannula will be inserted for sedation. Sedation or Entonox (gas and air) will be offered for comfort.
• The patient will lie on their left side in the fetal position.
• A rectal exam will be performed before the colonoscope is inserted. 
• The colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon.
• Air or carbon dioxide is used to inflate the bowel, improving visibility.
• Small samples (biopsies) may be taken, and polyps can be removed if found.
• Sedation or pain relief is given to keep him relaxed.
• The procedure usually takes 20–40 minutes.

Preparation:

• Dietary Changes: Follow a low-fibre diet 2-3 days before the procedure, then clear liquids only one day before. Avoid eating solid food 2 hours before the procedure.
• Laxatives: Take prescribed bowel preparation medication the day before to ensure the bowel is fully cleaned out. This may cause discomfort, so it’s important to stay close to a bathroom.
• Stress that the preparation is essential for accurate results.

Risks and Benefits:

• Benefits: Early detection of polyps or cancer, removal of polyps to prevent progression, and obtaining biopsies for diagnosis.
• Risks:
  • Common: Abdominal discomfort, bloating, or cramping.
  • Rare: Bleeding (especially after polyp removal), perforation of the bowel, or risks related to sedation.

Post-Procedure:

• The patient will be monitored in a recovery room until ready to go home.
  
• He may feel bloated from the air used during the test.
• Because of the sedation, he’ll need someone to take him home, and he should avoid driving or operating machinery for 24 hours. He should also avoid signing legal documents during this time.
  
  

Address Concerns:

• Ask if he has any specific fears or questions about the procedure.
• Reassure him that the team will prioritise his comfort and safety.

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