Case Background

You are an FY1 doctor on the gastroenterology ward. Mr. John Smith, a 67-year-old man, was admitted with decompensated liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic alcohol use. He has a history of variceal bleeding and esophageal varices. Mr. Smith now presents with a new onset of bright red rectal bleeding. He denies any recent trauma or changes in bowel habits. The bleeding occurs after passing stool, and he has not reported any pain or abdominal discomfort. He also has a history of portal hypertension and is on beta-blockers to prevent variceal bleeding. His vital signs are stable, and his abdominal examination reveals mild hepatomegaly. You are asked to perform a per rectum (PR) examination.

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