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Surgical Articles
Medicines reconciliation is the process of accurately listing a person’s medicines....
Foreign body in eye is a very common presentation seen in the emergency department....
In this article, we cover common benign anorectal pathologies including haemorrhoids,...
Introduction
With an increase in the ageing population globally, we will be seeing...
Introduction
The orbital septum is a fibrous connective tissue layer which divides...
In the webinar below, Dr Joe Kang (radiology registrar) provides a structured approach...
Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a unique subset of wounds caused by...
Adult Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is the gold standard for managing trauma-related...
Introduction
Clinical Definition
An open fracture is when the broken bone breaks...
What is it?
GCA (Giant cell arteritis) or temporal arteritis is a well known Ophthalmology...
Diplopia, also known as double vision, happens when there is a mismatch in images...
In the webinar below, Dr Sam Kular (interventional radiology fellow) provides a structured...
Introduction
ENT Foreign bodies can be intimidating to the SHO tasked with first...
Tinnitus is a common and debilitating medical symptom encountered in the field of...
Pupil size results from the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation...
You will frequently get calls regarding nausea & vomiting: many patients present...
The national selection process for ophthalmology is coordinated by NHS England (South...
What is it?
A sudden increase in intraocular pressure, which can present as an...
Whether you’re interested in orthopaedics or not, knowledge of basic fracture management...
The management and review of postnatal women are usually straightforward. There are...
In the webinars below, Dr June Lau & Dr Henry de Boer (radiology registrars)...
Hand infections are a common presentation, they can spread rapidly and cause damage...
No matter what time of the day it is, this is an ophthalmic emergency and requires...
Chemical burns are a unique subset of burns that require specialised management due...
Anatomy of a Slit Lamp Biomicroscope
The slit lamp consists of:
An illumination...
Orofacial infections are a common A&E presentation and are often due to a dental...
What is it?
Chemical injuries of the eye are ocular emergencies that necessitate...
Introduction and Anatomy
The eyelid is important for ensuring physical protection...
This article is the first of two articles about traumatic eye injuries. This article...
Introduction:
This exploration of peri-orbital cellulitis and orbital cellulitis...
Ophthalmology has long been the specialty with the most referrals and patient appointments...
Ophthalmology training is becoming increasingly competitive every year and is one...
Introduction
The acute scrotum is a ‘constellation of new-onset pain, swelling...
Introduction
Patients regularly present to the emergency department with animal...
A cataract is “a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent...
This article is the second of two articles about traumatic eye injuries.
The...
Pupillary reflex pathway:
Light reaches the retina, travels via ganglion cells...
Problems with salivary glands are often seen at GPs and in emergency departments....
Basic anatomy
In this article, we will be discussing retinal detachments and will...
Patients often present to GP practices with oral lesions as they may struggle to...
Poorly controlled hypertension results in target-organ damage. In the eye, it results...
There are certain situations where you need to prescribe IV fluids which vary from...
Most common presenting symptoms: Flashing lights or new floaters
Introduction
A...
Overview
Diabetes mellitus can cause both macrovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction,...
Facial trauma commonly presents in Emergency Departments and primary care. More advanced...
Amblyopia is a childhood cause of visual impairment. It occurs due to abnormal visual...
Introduction
Ptosis is a condition characterized by the drooping of the upper...
Introduction
Flexor sheath infection is an infection of the synovial sheath surrounding...
Glaucoma can be divided into open-angle or closed-angle glaucoma. Closed-angle glaucoma...
Introduction
Dry eye disease, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common...
Retinal detachment is an ophthalmic condition in which the retina is detached from...
If the thought of conducting an intimate examination or attempting to wield (without...
Introduction
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease characterised by...
The advantages of AXRs are far less radiation to patients & that they’re...
Requesting scans can be a scary daily occurrence for new doctors. It is one of few...
Introduction – epidemiology and causes/risk factors:
Uveitis is a condition that...
The Multiple Specialty Recruitment Assessment (MSRA) is a computer-based exam increasingly...
Being able to use an ophthalmoscope confidently is very important to resident doctors,...
Surgical training has a variety of work to get involved in as well as having many...
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the skull. The image below...
The FRCOphth (Fellowship of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists) Part 1 exam is...
In this article, we discuss why you should apply to O&G training, how to build your...
Constipation is one of the most common complaints in hospital, especially on the...
One of the most common A&E presentations is a sore throat, and while sore throat...
When assessing pain, ensure you begin by taking a history to characterise the pain...
Definition
Sudden onset painless loss of vision is usually due to vascular occlusion....
Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. When acute it occurs within a number of...
The first thing when called is to identify whether the bleeding is truly a lower...
Sutures are placed to aid with wound healing following a traumatic laceration or...
In this article, we cover the main ENT situations you are likely to encounter either...
Ophthalmology provides a great deal of variety by combining medicine, surgery &...
As a resident doctor, you will frequently look after patients prior to and after...
Facial pain is common, and it can be not easy to form a certain diagnosis. In this...
You will regularly see patients with blood in their urine, most often picked up incidentally...
NG tubes are passed from the nose to the stomach. Depending on the material, they...
Prepare for OSCE and UKMLA ophthalmology content. Catch up on our 1hr session covering...
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a mouthful (no pun intended), but you may have...
In this article, we discuss when a catheter might be needed and top tips on male...
Bowel obstruction is a common reason for admission or complication of patients under...
Fragility fractures in the elderly
As a resident doctor on call, in geriatrics...
Patients regularly present under the acute take with gallstone disease. The aim of...
If you ask most people (medics included!) what they think of when you say plastic...
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blocked blood vessel in your lungs, most often due...
The Duke-Elder Undergraduate Prize Exam is an optional competitive exam run by the...
Cataract Surgery: A Brief Introduction
Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible...
One of the most common obstetric/gynaecological presentations in a hospital/GP setting...
Pretibial lacerations are common injuries, especially among older adults, because...
When you are on call, you will often get a bleep about a patient with abdominal pain....
Acute Compartment Syndrome is one of the few orthopaedic emergencies. If missed,...
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcerations are a significant complication of diabetes...
Red eye is one of the most common eye presentations you will encounter. Whilst many...
Introduction
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea.
It may result from infective...
Vertigo is described as an “abnormal sensation of motion. It can occur in the absence...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a relapsing and remitting inflammatory...
A very quick guide to common issues prompting referrals to maxillofacial surgery...
Spinal cord compression occurs when there is compression of the spinal cord or cauda...
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types seen in the western world....
Pancreatitis is a condition characterised by the inflammation of the pancreas. These...
Appendicitis is a one of the most common abdominal emergencies worldwide. Your aim...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults are extremely common in both primary and...
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombosis) forms...
This is intended for resident doctors on the ward or in ED, covering how to approach...
The groin, also known as the inguinal region, extends from the anterior superior...
This article aims to give basic information on the assessment of dental trauma to...
Loss of vision can be a scary symptom for patients to experience, and a scary presentation...
Introduction
Papilloedema is optic disc swelling which is specifically secondary...
Diverticulae can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract but are more common...
As a junior, you will frequently see patients who potentially have thyroid dysfunction....
SVC syndrome is an oncological emergency. There is obstruction of the superior vena...
Epistaxis is a common presentation, especially amongst the young and elderly population....
Ophthalmology is a hugely popular career. Having the skills and ability to improve...
This guide is designed to help you identify the key areas you need to focus on when...
Given how frequently patients present with renal colic, it is helpful for FY1s to...
Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by repeated pancreatic inflammation. This leads...
In this guide, we’ll walk you through how to set up local, regional and national...
As gynaecology issues uncommonly present on the ward, many doctors have difficulties...
The visual field is the entire area a patient can see with their eyes fixes and without...
In the webinar below, Dr Henry de Boer (radiology registrar) provides a structured...