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IV fluids
Prescribing IV Fluids
There are certain situations where you need to prescribe IV fluids which vary from...
Orthopaedics
Open Fractures
IntroductionClinical DefinitionAn open fracture is when the broken bone breaks...
Ophthamology
Orbital Compartment Syndrome
No matter what time of the day it is, this is an ophthalmic emergency and requires...
Ophthamology
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
What is it?A sudden increase in intraocular pressure, which can present as an...
Ophthalmology Applications
Post Operative Cataract Complications
Cataract Surgery: A Brief IntroductionCataracts are the leading cause of reversible...
AXR
Abdominal X-rays
The advantages of AXRs are far less radiation to patients & that they’re...
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Applying to Obstetrics and Gynaecology
In this article, we discuss why you should apply to O&G training, how to build your...
Prescribing analgesia
Prescribing analgesia
When assessing pain, ensure you begin by taking a history to characterise the pain...
Ophthamology
Applying to Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology provides a great deal of variety by combining medicine, surgery &...
Core Surgical Training
Applying to Core Surgical Training (CST)
Surgical training has a variety of work to get involved in as well as having many...
Scans
Requesting Scans
Requesting scans can be a scary daily occurrence for new doctors. It is one of few...
Ophthalmoscope
How to use an Ophthalmoscope
Being able to use an ophthalmoscope confidently is very important to junior doctors,...
Gynaecological Examination
Gynaecological Examination
If the thought of conducting an intimate examination or attempting to wield (without...
PR Bleeding
PR Bleeding
The first thing when called is to identify whether the bleeding is truly a lower...
Pre & Post Operative Care
Pre & Post Operative Care
As a junior doctor, you will frequently look after patients prior to and after their...
Constipation
Constipation
Constipation is one of the most common complaints in hospital, especially on the...
Nausea & Vomiting
Nausea & Vomiting
You will frequently get calls regarding nausea & vomiting: many patients present...
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal Pain
When you are on call, you will often get a bleep about a patient with abdominal pain....
NG Tube
Nasogastric Tubes
NG tubes are passed from the nose to the stomach. Depending on the material, they...
Urine Catheter
Urinary Catheterisation
In this article, we discuss when a catheter might be needed and top tips on male...
Urinary Retention
Urinary Retention
Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. When acute it occurs within a number of...
Haematuria
Haematuria
You will regularly see patients with blood in their urine, most often picked up incidentally...
Orthogeriatrics
Orthogeriatrics
Fragility fractures in the elderly As a junior doctor on call, in geriatrics or in...
ENT
ENT Emergencies
In this article, we cover the main ENT situations you are likely to encounter either...
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blocked blood vessel in your lungs, most often due...
Gallstone
Gallstone Disease
Patients regularly present under the acute take with gallstone disease. The aim of...
Sore Throat
Sore Throat
One of the most common A&E presentations is a sore throat, and while sore throat...
Bowel Obstruction
Bowel Obstruction
Bowel obstruction is a common reason for admission or complication of patients under...
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome
Acute Compartment Syndrome is one of the few orthopaedic emergencies. If missed,...
E Coli
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is a very common complaint and may be the reason for a patient’s admission,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a relapsing and remitting inflammatory...
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a condition characterised by the inflammation of the pancreas. These...
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Applying to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS)
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a mouthful (no pun intended), but you may have...
Red Eye
Red Eye
Red eye is one of the most common eye presentations you will encounter. Whilst many...
Stomas
Stomas
The word stoma comes from Greek to mean “an opening”. There are many...
Appendicitis
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is a one of the most common abdominal emergencies worldwide. Your aim...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcerations are a significant complication of diabetes...
Ophthamology
Chemical Eye Injuries
What is it?Chemical injuries of the eye are ocular emergencies that necessitate...
Groin Lumps
Groin Lumps
The groin, also known as the inguinal region, extends from the anterior superior...
Eye History & Exam
Eye History & Exam
This is intended for junior doctors on the ward or in ED, covering how to approach...
Vaginal Bleeding
Vaginal Bleeding
One of the most common obstetric/gynaecological presentations in a hospital/GP setting...
Suturing
Suturing
Sutures are placed to aid with wound healing following a traumatic laceration or...
Clot
Deep Vein Thrombosis
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombosis) forms...
Dental Traumatology
Introduction to Dental Traumatology for A&E
This article aims to give basic information on the assessment of dental trauma to...
Diverticular Disease
Diverticular Disease
Diverticulae can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract but are more common...
UTI
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults are extremely common in both primary and...
Endocrinology
Thyroid Disease
As a junior, you will frequently see patients who potentially have thyroid dysfunction....
Spinal Cord
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal cord compression occurs when there is compression of the spinal cord or cauda...
Epistaxis
Epistaxis
Epistaxis is a common presentation, especially amongst the young and elderly population....
Vertigo
Vertigo
Vertigo is described as an “abnormal sensation of motion. It can occur in the absence...
Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by repeated pancreatic inflammation. This leads...
Duke-Elder Exam
Study Tips for the Duke-Elder Undergraduate Prize Exam
The Duke-Elder Undergraduate Prize Exam is an optional competitive exam run by the...
Kidney Stone
Kidney Stones
Given how frequently patients present with renal colic, it is helpful for FY1s to...
Common Dental Issues
Common Dental Issues
A very quick guide to common issues prompting referrals to maxillofacial surgery...
Gynaecology Assessment & Common Disorders
Gynaecology Assessment & Common Disorders
As gynaecology issues uncommonly present on the ward, many doctors have difficulties...
Eye Drops
Overview of eye drops
Medicines reconciliation is the process of accurately listing a person’s medicines....
Visual Loss
Sudden Visual Loss
Loss of vision can be a scary symptom for patients to experience, and a scary presentation...
Colorectal Cancer and Polyps
Colorectal Cancer and Polyps
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types seen in the western world....
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
SVC syndrome is an oncological emergency. There is obstruction of the superior vena...
Benign Anorectal Pathology
Benign Anorectal Pathology
In this article, we cover common benign anorectal pathologies including haemorrhoids,...
Postnatal
Postnatal Patients
The management and review of postnatal women are usually straightforward. There are...
Diplopia
Diplopia
Diplopia, also known as double vision, happens when there is a mismatch in images...
Foreign Body in Eye
Removal of foreign body from eye
Foreign body in eye is a very common presentation seen in the emergency department....
Ophthalmology Applications
Ophthalmology Applications: How To Get Ahead While Still at Medical School
Ophthalmology is a hugely popular career. Having the skills and ability to improve...
Duke-Elder Exam
How to Be Prepared for the MSRA
The Multiple Specialty Recruitment Assessment (MSRA) is a computer-based exam increasingly...
Tinnitus
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a common and debilitating medical symptom encountered in the field of...
Macular Degeneration
Dry and Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
IntroductionWith an increase in the ageing population globally, we will be seeing...
Cataracts
Introduction to Cataracts
A cataract is “a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent...
Medical Education
How to set up a teaching programme
In this guide, we’ll walk you through how to set up local, regional and national...
Plastic Surgery
A Career in Plastic Surgery
If you ask most people (medics included!) what they think of when you say plastic...
Giant Cell Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
What is it?GCA (Giant cell arteritis) or temporal arteritis is a well known Ophthalmology...

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