Ophthalmology

Visual Loss
Sudden Visual Loss
Loss of vision can be a scary symptom for patients to experience, and a scary presentation...
Ophthalmology Applications
Ophthalmology Applications: How To Get Ahead While Still at Medical School
Ophthalmology is a hugely popular career. Having the skills and ability to improve...
Eye Drops
Overview of eye drops
Medicines reconciliation is the process of accurately listing a person’s medicines....
Foreign Body in Eye
Removal of foreign body from eye
Foreign body in eye is a very common presentation seen in the emergency department....
Keratitis
Keratitis
Introduction Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea. It may result from infective...
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Papilloedema
Introduction Papilloedema is optic disc swelling which is specifically secondary...
Macular Degeneration
Dry and Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
Introduction With an increase in the ageing population globally, we will be seeing...
Visual field defects
Visual Field Defects: A Summary
The visual field is the entire area a patient can see with their eyes fixes and without...
Diplopia
Diplopia
Diplopia, also known as double vision, happens when there is a mismatch in images...
Glaucoma
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
What is it? A sudden increase in intraocular pressure, which can present as an...
Orbital Cellulitis
Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis
Introduction The orbital septum is a fibrous connective tissue layer which divides...
Orbital Compartment Syndrome
Orbital Compartment Syndrome
No matter what time of the day it is, this is an ophthalmic emergency and requires...
Red Eye
Chemical Eye Injuries
What is it? Chemical injuries of the eye are ocular emergencies that necessitate...
Ophthalmology Selection
Updates to Ophthalmology National Selection 2024
The national selection process for ophthalmology is coordinated by NHS England (South...
Giant Cell Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
What is it? GCA (Giant cell arteritis) or temporal arteritis is a well known Ophthalmology...
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Pupil Disorders
Pupil size results from the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation...
Ophthalmology referral
How to make a (good) referral to Ophthalmology – tips and tricks
Ophthalmology has long been the specialty with the most referrals and patient appointments...
Common Eye Trauma
Common Eye Trauma
This article is the second of two articles about traumatic eye injuries.  The...
Ophthalmology FY3
How to spend a Foundation Year 3 for an Ophthalmology application (and other things you can do in Foundation training)
Ophthalmology training is becoming increasingly competitive every year and is one...
Eye Trauma Basics
Basics of eye trauma with emergency pathologies
This article is the first of two articles about traumatic eye injuries. This article...
Ophthalmology Applications
Eyelid Disease
Introduction and Anatomy The eyelid is important for ensuring physical protection...
Cataracts
Introduction to Cataracts
A cataract is “a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent...
Amblyopia
Amblyopia
Amblyopia is a childhood cause of visual impairment. It occurs due to abnormal visual...
Pupil abnormalities
Pupil abnormalities
Pupillary reflex pathway: Light reaches the retina, travels via ganglion cells...
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Poorly controlled hypertension results in target-organ damage. In the eye, it results...
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Basics of Slit Lamp Examination
Anatomy of a Slit Lamp Biomicroscope The slit lamp consists of: An illumination...
Ophthalmoscope
Central retinal artery/vein occlusion
Definition Sudden onset painless loss of vision is usually due to vascular occlusion....
Glaucoma
Chronic open angle glaucoma
Glaucoma can be divided into open-angle or closed-angle glaucoma. Closed-angle glaucoma...
Retinal tears
An Introduction To Retinal Tears
Most common presenting symptoms: Flashing lights or new floaters Introduction A...
Ophthalmoscope
How to use an Ophthalmoscope
Being able to use an ophthalmoscope confidently is very important to junior doctors,...
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Ptosis
Introduction Ptosis is a condition characterized by the drooping of the upper...
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Dry Eye Disease
Introduction Dry eye disease, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common...
Ophthalmology referral
Retinal Detachment
Basic anatomy In this article, we will be discussing retinal detachments and will...
Ophthamology
Applying to Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology provides a great deal of variety by combining medicine, surgery &...
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Overview Diabetes mellitus can cause both macrovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction,...
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Anterior uveitis
Introduction – epidemiology and causes/risk factors: Uveitis is a condition that...
Duke-Elder Exam
Understanding the MSRA
The Multiple Specialty Recruitment Assessment (MSRA) is a computer-based exam increasingly...
Duke-Elder Exam
Study Tips for the Duke-Elder Undergraduate Prize Exam
The Duke-Elder Undergraduate Prize Exam is an optional competitive exam run by the...
Ophthalmology Applications
Post Operative Cataract Complications
Cataract Surgery: A Brief Introduction Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible...
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Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is an ophthalmic condition in which the retina is detached from...
Red Eye
Red Eye
Red eye is one of the most common eye presentations you will encounter. Whilst many...
Eye History & Exam
Eye History & Exam
This is intended for junior doctors on the ward or in ED, covering how to approach...

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