Endocrinology

Fluid Balance
Fluid Balance
Almost every patient admitted to hospital receives IV fluids at some point in their...
Insulin
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia is something you will encounter frequently. In this article, we focus...
Hyponatraemia
Hyponatraemia
Hyponatraemia (serum Sodium <135 mmol/L) is one of the most common electrolyte...
Medication in Diabetes
Medications in Diabetes
In this article, we’ll cover the treatments used in Diabetes Mellitus. We’ll...
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Management of low blood sugar in conscious & unconscious patients, finding common...
Diabetes
DKA and HHS
You’ve found an unwell dehydrated, diabetic patient who is hyperglycaemic....
Hypertension
Hypertension in Hospital
As a resident doctor, you will often be called about patients with raised blood pressure...
Hypophosphataemia
Hypophosphataemia
Hypophosphatemia is a serum phosphate concentration < 2.5 mg/dL (0.81...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcerations are a significant complication of diabetes...
Hypernatraemia
Hypernatraemia
Hypernatraemia is defined as a sodium above 145 mmol/L with severe being more than...
Hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Serum calcium concentration is tightly regulated between 2.1-2.6mmol/L. Severe hypercalcaemia...
Hypocortisolism
Adrenal Crisis & Hypocortisolism
Cortisol is the body’s natural steroid (glucocorticoid) which helps maintain blood...
Endocrinology
Thyroid Disease
As a junior, you will frequently see patients who potentially have thyroid dysfunction....
Hypocalcaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Alongside strengthening bone, calcium is used in the clotting cascade, in muscle...
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