This is a UKMLA-centred article about breaking bad news. Introduction S – Setting the scene Firstly, before you speak to the patient it is important to choose an appropriate setting to initiate the consultation. In a hospital this is normally a side room or an enclosed space where there is privacy. Aim to have both

This is a UKMLA-centred article about contraceptive counselling. Introduction Contraception is a critical aspect of reproductive health care. With a variety of methods available, it is important for healthcare providers to effectively counsel patients about the options available and help them choose a method that is suitable for their individual needs. In this article, we

This is a UKMLA-centred article about difficulties in breastfeeding. Introduction Breastfeeding is often regarded as vital component of baby and maternal bonding, yet many new mothers may face challenges in establishing breastfeeding due to various reasons. As healthcare professionals, it is imperative to understand the underlying causes of breastfeeding difficulties, employ effective assessment techniques, and

This is a UKMLA-centred article about explaining endoscopy procedures. Introduction You may be asked to explain a procedure or investigation to a patient. These will include endoscopic tests. You would not be expected to know how to perform the procedure. However, you should be able to provide a basic explanation, give them information in a

This is a UKMLA-centred article about the Fraser guidelines. Introduction As future healthcare providers, medical students bear a responsibility to respect and safeguard the rights of their patients, especially when it comes to sensitive matters such as consent for medical treatment. Fraser guidelines, established in 1985, serves as a crucial ethical framework that outlines the

This is a UKMLA-centred article about HIV counselling. Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system which makes it more vulnerable to infections and diseases which can be life threatening. HIV is primarily spread through sexual contact, sharing of needles and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

This is a UKMLA-centred article on consent. Introduction Consent is an important aspect of medical practice. It is a requirement in everyday practice as part of examining patients, performing investigations and procedures as well as overall health decisions. Types of Consent Consent may be given in different forms, which are deemed acceptable depending on what

This is a UKMLA-centred article about explaining cervical smear results. Introduction The cervical smear test, also known as a Pap smear or Pap test, is a screening test used to detect abnormal cells on the cervix. Explaining an abnormal cervical smear test is a common OSCE scenario that requires effective communication and sensitivity to the

This is a UKMLA-centred article about the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Introduction Managing hypertension in pregnancy is vital to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the foetus. In an OSCE scenario for managing hypertension in pregnancy, it is important to demonstrate thorough understanding of the condition and exhibit strong communication

This is a UKMLA-centred article about explaining gestational diabetes. Introduction Gestational diabetes is a common condition that affects nearly 1 in 20 pregnancies in the UK. In an OSCE communication station focused on gestational diabetes, it is important to attentively listen to the actor and demonstrate effective communication skills. This article provides a detailed guide