This guide is designed to help you identify the key areas you need to focus on when clerking a surgical patient. There are several differences when compared to clerking a medical patient, namely getting a more extensive surgical past medical history, examination and assessing frailty. Your clerking needs to be succint, pertinent and clear. Presenting
Prepare for OSCE and UKMLA ophthalmology content. Catch up on our 1hr session covering ophthalmology basics (anatomy, eye history, red flag symptoms).
“Doctor, my eye is red and painful” – this article will provide tips and tricks on taking an ocular history along with common pitfalls. Ophthalmology 101 will cover the foundational basics which we will build on over the next 4 sessions (and corresponding articles) covering high-yield ophthalmology content.
> This session is part of the Mind the Bleep Final year series, make sure to catch up with on the session recording and slides & check out our other sessions!
The FRCOphth (Fellowship of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists) Part 1 exam is a significant milestone for those pursuing a career in ophthalmology. The incentive of doing the exam early is it is worth 3 points if you pass and 1 point for attempting it as per the 2025 ST1 recruitment portfolio. As an FY1/FY2,
Introduction Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease characterised by extraocular muscle swelling and orbital fat expansion1. It affects approximately 50,000 people in the UK, most commonly occurring in those diagnosed with Graves’ disease, although a minority of cases do affect euthyroid or hypothyroid patients1,2. Symptoms may include lid retraction, proptosis, watery eyes and
Strabismus, commonly referred to as “crossed eyes” or “wandering eyes,” is a visual condition characterised by the misalignment of one or both eyes. This condition can have significant implications for visual acuity and quality of life. Below is a detailed discussion on strabismus, diagnosis, affected populations, treatments, and potential complications, intended to provide medical professionals
Introduction Dry eye disease, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a common eye disorder characterised by insufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. This results in uncomfortable symptoms such as gritty feeling, stinging, eye watering and eye fatigue. It can cause visual disturbances and in severe cases can potentially damage the ocular
Introduction Facial photo showing a patient with involutional ptosis of the right upper eyelid. Image from American Academy of Ophthalmology: https://www.aao.org/education/image/ptosis-5 Anatomy Sagittal section showing the superior tarsal muscle (Müller’s muscle) and levator palpebrae superioris muscle. They both elevate the eyelid by pulling on the tarsus plate. Image from: Cury, M.C., Sebastiá, R. (2021). Anatomy
Retinal detachment is an ophthalmic condition in which the retina is detached from the deeper retinal pigment epithelial layer (RPE) of the eye, requiring prompt treatment. Retinal detachment (10-15 per 100,000 population in the UK) principally presents with flashers and floaters, which shares a similar presentation to the more prevalent condition of posterior vitreous detachment
Basic anatomy In this article, we will be discussing retinal detachments and will therefore focus only on the back of the eye. The eye is full of a jelly called the vitreous which plays a role during the foetal development of the eye and then remains there providing turgor to the eye. The posterior edge
Anatomy of a Slit Lamp Biomicroscope The slit lamp consists of: Patient support frame: Illumination arm: Viewing arm: Base: Illumination filters Switch the controls for several illumination settings that may be used for different purposes: 1: Open – no filter, maximal brightness. 2: Grey – reduced maximum brightness to decrease patient discomfort. 3. Red-free –
