This guide is designed to help you identify the key areas you need to focus on when clerking a surgical patient. There are several differences when compared to clerking a medical patient, namely getting a more extensive surgical past medical history, examination and assessing frailty. Your clerking needs to be succint, pertinent and clear. Presenting
Pretibial lacerations are common injuries, especially among older adults, because the skin over the shin becomes thinner and more susceptible to tears with age. Epidemiology Pretibial lacerations may occur following minor trauma to the shin area, particularly in elderly individuals with fragile skin. The prevalence of these injuries is estimated at 5.2 per 1000 emergency
Prepare for OSCE and UKMLA ophthalmology content. Catch up on our 1hr session covering ophthalmology basics (anatomy, eye history, red flag symptoms).
“Doctor, my eye is red and painful” – this article will provide tips and tricks on taking an ocular history along with common pitfalls. Ophthalmology 101 will cover the foundational basics which we will build on over the next 4 sessions (and corresponding articles) covering high-yield ophthalmology content.
> This session is part of the Mind the Bleep Final year series, make sure to catch up with on the session recording and slides & check out our other sessions!
Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a unique subset of wounds caused by prolonged pressure or pressure combined with shear. [1] These injuries primarily affect areas over bony prominences and are particularly common in patients with limited mobility. Early identification and management are critical to prevent further tissue damage and systemic complications. [1][2] Predisposing
Adult Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is the gold standard for managing trauma-related injuries. Arterial and nerve injuries of the upper limb can have significant associated mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of the basic principles, presentation, and initial management is paramount to reduce short and long-term consequences. These injuries usually require escalation to seniors and referral to
The FRCOphth (Fellowship of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists) Part 1 exam is a significant milestone for those pursuing a career in ophthalmology. The incentive of doing the exam early is it is worth 3 points if you pass and 1 point for attempting it as per the 2025 ST1 recruitment portfolio. As an FY1/FY2,
Introduction Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease characterised by extraocular muscle swelling and orbital fat expansion1. It affects approximately 50,000 people in the UK, most commonly occurring in those diagnosed with Graves’ disease, although a minority of cases do affect euthyroid or hypothyroid patients1,2. Symptoms may include lid retraction, proptosis, watery eyes and
Introduction The acute scrotum is a ‘constellation of new-onset pain, swelling and/or tenderness of intra-scrotal contents’ (1). In this article, we will review the limited number of differentials. Please note that a single clinical feature is not the confirmatory to a particular differential but the whole clinical picture will need to be considered when making
Chemical burns are a unique subset of burns that require specialised management due to the nature of the substances involved. Proper initial management is critical to prevent further tissue damage and systemic complications. The majority of acid burns cause coagulative necrosis and cytotoxicity leading to skin and mucosal changes that limit deeper injury. Alkali burns
Introduction Patients regularly present to the emergency department with animal bites. This article aims to help guide you through managing these patients and what factors you might want to consider. Epidemiology The number of animal bites presented to A&E is largely underestimated, as many who are bit don’t present to receive medical care1 or won’t
