Category: Paediatrics

Venepuncture in Children

Venepuncture in children can be challenging for both healthcare professionals and families. Anxiety, movement, small veins, and previous negative experiences may all make blood sampling more difficult.  Good preparation, communication, and technique can significantly improve success rates and reduce distress for the child.  This article provides a practical overview of paediatric venepuncture, including communication strategies, preparation, equipment considerations, and practical tips. This article serves as the third installment in our phlebotomy and venepuncture article series. Why Paediatric Venepuncture is Different Children are not simply “small adults”. Venepuncture may be more difficult due to smaller veins, anxiety, fear, movement during procedures, previous traumatic

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Paediatric ED – Poisoning and Toxic Exposures

A practical guide for resident doctors in the emergency department, focusing on the assessment and management of paediatric poisoning and toxic exposures — where early recognition and decision-making are crucial. Paediatric poisoning is a common yet often anxiety-provoking presentation in the emergency department (ED) – for both parents and clinicians! Each year, approximately 40,000 children

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Paediatric ED – Foreign Body Inhalation and Ingestion

A practical guide for resident doctors in the emergency department, focusing on recognising and managing paediatric foreign body inhalation and ingestion — where early decision-making really matters. Foreign body inhalation and ingestion are common paediatric presentations, particularly in children aged 6 months to 3 years, reflecting developmental behaviours such as mouthing objects and incomplete chewing.

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A Child is not just a Small Adult

Children can appear stable until they suddenly deteriorate. Unlike adults, they compensate effectively through physiological mechanisms before rapidly decompensating. This makes early recognition of subtle clinical signs essential in paediatric practice. This article outlines the key anatomical and physiological differences in children and, importantly, how these differences should change your clinical approach in acute settings.

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Prematurity

Prematurity (or Pre-term) describes infants delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. Pre-term birth is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years globally, associated with early and long term complications. The Word Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 13.4 million infants were born prematurely in 2020 across the world with rates of

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Delayed puberty

Delayed puberty may seem like a very specialist area of paediatrics, but it’s actually a relatively common reason for presentation to the GP, and a lot of children are referred onwards into paediatric clinics. It can also be a sign of serious underlying conditions, which are important not to miss! This article is designed to

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Paediatric Cardiovascular Examination

It is very common that we perform a cardiovascular examination in paediatrics, particularly in babies, but we will often leave out key steps which would be expected in a clinical exam setting. The examination laid out below is for a thorough paediatric cardiovascular examination for OSCE / clinical exam purposes, but should also be useful

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Paediatric Eye Examination

It is unusual that you would need to do more than examine cranial nerves in a child in day to day practice, but this is for the purpose of clinical exams. It is a step by step guide for performing a thorough eye examination in a child with more details on potential findings and implications

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Faltering Growth in Children

Faltering growth (also known as failure to thrive) describes when a child is not growing as expected. This may reflect underlying poor health or nutrition. By routinely assessing a child’s height and weight throughout childhood, growth measurements can be plotted over time on centile charts and faltering growth can be identified. As causes and management 

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Faltering Growth in Infants

Faltering growth (also known as failure to thrive) describes when a child is not growing as expected. This may reflect underlying poor health or nutrition. By routinely assessing a child’s height and weight throughout childhood, growth measurements can be plotted over time on centile charts and faltering growth can be identified. As causes and management

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